South Africas Black Consciousness Movement

South Africa's Black Consciousness Movement The Black Consciousness Movement (BCM) was a powerful understudy development during the 1970s in Apartheid South Africa. The Black Consciousness Movement advanced another character and legislative issues of racial solidarityâ and turned into the voice and soul of the counter politically-sanctioned racial segregation development when both the African National Congress and the Pan-Africanist Congress had been prohibited in the wake of the Sharpeville Massacre. The BCM arrived at its apex in the Soweto Student Uprising of 1976â but declined rapidly a short time later. Ascent of the Black Consciousness Movement The Black Consciousness Movement started in 1969 when African understudies left the National Union of South African Students, which was multiracial yet white-overwhelmed, and established the South African Students Organization (SASO). The SASO was an expressly non-white association open to understudies named African, Indian, or Colored under Apartheid Law. It was to bind together non-white understudies and give a voice to their complaints, yet the SASO led a development that came to a long ways past understudies. After three years, in 1972, the pioneers of this Black Consciousness Movement framed the Black People’s Convention (BPC) to connect with and stir grown-ups and non-understudies. Points and Forerunners of the BCM Freely, the BCM expected to bring together and inspire non-white populaces, yet this implied barring a past partner, liberal enemy of politically-sanctioned racial segregation whites. As Steve Biko, the most noticeable Black Consciousness pioneer, clarified, when aggressor patriots said that white individuals didn't have a place in South Africa, they implied that â€Å"we needed to expel [the white man] from our table, strip the table of all trappings put on it by him, enliven it in obvious African style, settle down and afterward request that he go along with us on our own terms in the event that he liked.† The components of Black pride and festivity of dark culture connected the Black Consciousness Movement back to the compositions of W. E. B. Du Bois, just as the thoughts of skillet Africanism and La Negritude development. It likewise emerged simultaneously as the Black Power development in the United States, and these developments propelled one another; Black Consciousness was both aggressor and avowedly peaceful. The Black Consciousness development was likewise propelled by the accomplishment of the FRELIMO in Mozambique.â Soweto and the Afterlives of the BCM The specific associations between the Black Consciousness Movement and the Soweto Student Uprising are discussed, however for the Apartheid government, the associations were sufficiently clear. In the fallout of Soweto, the Black People’s Convention and a few other Black Consciousness developments were prohibited and their initiative captured, numerous subsequent to being beaten and tormented, including Steve Biko who kicked the bucket in police authority. The BPC was somewhat revived in the Azania People’s Organization, which is as yet dynamic in South African governmental issues. Sources Steve, Biko, I Write What I like: Steve Biko. A Selection of his Writings, ed. by Aelred Stubbs, African Writers Series. (Cambridge: Proquest, 2005), 69.Desai, Ashwin, â€Å"Indian South Africans and the Black Consciousness Movement under Apartheid.† Diaspora Studies 8.1 (2015): 37-50. Hirschmann, David. â€Å"The Black Consciousness Movement in South Africa.†Ã‚ The Journal of Modern African Studies. 28.1 (Mar., 1990): 1-22.

The American Sign Language

The American Sign Language or ASL is a formal and organized methods by which individuals can impart. Like every single other language, the ASL likewise follows explicit structures or rules that set how this specific framework is utilized to impart. Throughout the years, there had been different definitions introduced confining what the ASL is about, as referenced by Harry Markowicz in his transcript. Nonetheless, Markowicz unequivocally unveils how settled and summed up meanings of the ASL are, in reality, fantasies that ought to be exposed so as to offer path to the arrangement of an unmistakable and accurate implication of the ASL.In Markowicz’ transcript, he uncovered six legends about the ASL, completely talking about legitimizations with respect to why broadly held convictions and thoughts regarding ASL or basically gesture based communication are, more often than not, off base and bogus. As indicated by Markowicz, gesture based communication is anything but an all inclus ive language which is used and comprehended by the hard of hearing populaces everywhere throughout the world. Like every other language, ASL contrasts from different frameworks of gesture based communications in different nations, similarly as the English language varies from the German, French, Spanish, and so on dialects in structure and in structure.Another legend is the broadly held conviction that since language depends on the importance of words or sentences communicated, the communication via gestures is additionally founded on the movement of words or sentences through motions. Some different convictions identify with the possibility that the ASL is an interpretation or a transposition of the English language. Nonetheless, the gesture based communication doesn't work that way. Correspondence through communication via gestures, or the ASL so far as that is concerned, depends on ideas or impressions that might be communicated independently through motions. (Markowicz, 1980)The third legend has something do with how individuals frequently underestimate the communication through signing as just an arrangement of language through self-assertive motions reducing its formal and methodical structure. Markowicz uncovered how the communication through signing adheres to different standards that establish a progression of simultaneous body developments, outward appearances, motions, and so on. Another fantasy is the means by which the gesture based communication is viewed as basically famous or realistic. In any case, Markowicz contended how considering the gesture based communication as basically a visual methods for correspondence doesn't legitimize the system’s reason for encouraging correspondence for the deaf.He defended that in the event that the gesture based communication is really and just famous or visual, at that point individuals without hearing issues would have the option to comprehend the language. This implies the gesture based communicatio n isn't just a visual improvement, yet a progression of significant ideas that are passed on through the procedure of correspondence. (Markowicz, 1980) The fifth legend confines the open procedure encouraged by the communication via gestures. Numerous individuals accept that the communication via gestures is just proficiently of transmitting concrete and discrete thoughts, forgetting about the theoretical and calculated thoughts that are effortlessly communicated through words.Markowicz limits this view by demonstrating how the ASL has formal signs or motions for conceptual thoughts, for example, love, confidence, and such. The last fantasy examined by Markowicz again addresses the issue of the structure and structure of the communication via gestures. Individuals ignore the auxiliary part of the communication via gestures by dismissing how it is framed under syntactic principles and articulations. Markowicz defended his situation by expressing models on how a specific idea separate d by different examples of enunciations might be communicated through gesture based communication as per their right word courses of action. (Markowicz, 1980)The previously mentioned contentions and supports of Markowicz might be additionally demonstrated by investigating other research studies, conversations, or transcripts concerning the gesture based communication. For example, the exploration study led by Padden and Ramsey (2000) with respect to the capacity of hard of hearing kids to peruse printed information as it is identified with techniques and systems of guidance, has uncovered how the gesture based communication isn't all inclusive and word-based. The outcomes and ends acquired from the exploration study have uncovered how the capabilities of hard of hearing understudies vary as indicated by their way of life, family, and school environment.This implies that dependent on disparities or holes concerning gesture based communication abilities among hard of hearing understud ies, they will most likely be unable to impart successfully even through shared gesture based communication. In addition, this specific research study demonstrates that the communication via gestures isn't word-based since hard of hearing understudies who read writings don't communicate the thoughts from the book through the specific words or sentences in the content, yet through different ideas or entire thoughts picked up from perusing them.(Padden and Ramsey, 2000) Moreover, this additionally implies if hard of hearing kids can make an interpretation of composed writings to ideas in communications through signing, this implies communication through signing isn't just a portrayal of solid thoughts, yet in addition complex theoretical musings and thoughts that began from the reasoning procedure associated with comprehension, breaking down, and making a decision about composed writings. The conversation handed-off by Bellugi and Klima (1975) likewise bolsters Markowicz’ conte ntions by uncovering how the communication via gestures is shaped or organized, exposing legends of it being only celebrated motions and ungrammatical.According to Bellugi and Klima, the signs or motions are converted into notational portrayals that structure a total idea or thought which is recognizable in the English language. What's more, for each word or however spoke to through signs or motions, there are legitimate and accurate depiction of synchronous developments as saw in the figures remembered for Beluggi and Klima’s conversations. (Bellugi and Klima, 1975) Liddell (1980) investigated the linguistic structure of the gesture based communication exhaustively by examining the syntactic segments of the ASL nearby the English language.On the other hand, the exploration investigation of Pettito (2000) ruins the legend about the communication through signing as notable, which implies that correspondence through the gesture based communication is essentially visual in natur e, taking out the structure, structure, the punctuation, and the conventional learning process behind it. As indicated by Pettito, infants won't have the option to display the formal and auxiliary nature of either marked or communicated in language, except if they are presented to gesture based communication or communicated in language inside their quick environment.(Pettito, 2000) This defense underpins Markowicz suspicions that a kid won't have the option to completely comprehend the idea of milk, except if he is presented to the nature or procedures behind the word. (Markowicz, 1980) References Bellugi, U. and Klima, E. S. (1975). â€Å"Aspects of Sign Language and its Structure† In: Kavanagh, James F. ; Cutting, James E. (eds. ). The Role of Speech in Language. Cambridge: MIT Press [335 pp. ], pp. 171-203. Recovered February 20, 2009, from http://old. lib. ucdavis. edu/get to/reserv/courses/90334. pdf Liddell, S. K. (1980) American Sign Language Syntax.The Hague: Mouton, [194 pp. ], pp. 10-23, 68-80. Recovered February 20, 2009, from http://old. lib. ucdavis. edu/get to/reserv/courses/90335. pdf Markowicz, H. (1980) â€Å"Myths about American Sign Language† In: Lane, Harlan; Grosjean, Francois (eds. ). Late Perspectives on American Sign Language. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum, [170 pp. ], pp. 1-6. Recovered February 20, 2009, from http://old. lib. ucdavis. edu/get to/reserv/courses/90333. pdf Padden C. and Ramsey, C. (2000) â€Å"American Sign Language and Reading Ability in Deaf Children† In: Chamberlain, Charlene; Morford, Jill P. ; Mayberry, Rachel I.(eds. ). Language Acquisition by Eye. Mahwah, N. J. : Lawrence Erlbaum [276 p. ], pp. 165-168, 177-189. Recovered February 20, 2009, from http://old. lib. ucdavis. edu/get to/reserv/courses/90337. pdf Petitto, L. A. (2000) â€Å"The Acquisition of Natural Signed Languages: Lessons in the Nature of Human Language and its Biological Foundations† In: Chamberlain, Charlene; Morford, Jill P. ; Mayberry, Rachel I. (eds. ). Language Acquisition by Eye. Mahwah, N. J. : Lawrence Erlbaum [276 p. ], pp. 41-50. Recovered February 20, 2009, from http://old. lib. ucdavis. edu/get to/reserv/courses/90336. pdf

The Real Causes of World War I

The Real Causes of World War I What Really Caused World War I? What Really Caused World War I? Academic Discipline: History Course Name: War in the 21st Century Assignment Subject: The Real Causes of World War I Academic Level: Undergraduate Referencing Style: Chicago Word Count: 2,050 It is widely accepted that the ultimate cause of World War I was the assassination of Franz Ferdinand, Archduke of Austria-Hungary. However, this act was simply the final tipping point in a string of factors that contributed to the outbreak of The Great War. There was no singular event that sparked the conflict because it had, in fact, been mounting as early as the late nineteenth century as the European powers were building their own imperial empires and their wealth. While Ferdinand’s death is a singular event, it was not the only reason that countries around the world were preparing for war well before the events of the early twentieth century. Over the course of the war, at least 10 million soldiers on all sides were killed, and in the end Germany was found guilty for causing the war under the Treaty of Versailles. However, a closer analysis shows that the causes of the war were much more complicated, and that there was a buildup of events and factors that contributed to the ri sing tension within Europe, as well as around the world. Many countries had participated in the build up of militia, industrialization, and cultural superiority that led to a variety of issues in foreign relations. An age of paranoia had been ushered in at the dawn of the twentieth century, and many countries found themselves building up their militaries under the concern that war was going to break out. The rise of the military was the direct result of many of the indirect factors that contributed to the conflict, and was the inevitable trigger for the Serbian assassins to kill Ferdinand and his wife, Sophie. While a significant number of events happened before 1914, there were three main factors that contributed to World War I: imperialism, nationalism, and the formation of alliances between world powers. In the nineteenth century, a scramble for colonial power occurred in the form of imperialism. During the earlier centuries, European explorers had created the New World in the Americas, and now that the Americas were becoming their own nations, the quest for world domination turned to other ventures. Since the European nations had dominated in the New World and established colonies there, most of which would later form their own countries, these powers had their own notions of superiority and power, and they became hungry for more wealth. Many of Europe’s powers were racing to control territories around the world as they saw an opportunity to collect resources and wealth there, especially in Africa, where there were many unclaimed territories with uncollected resources and vast opportunities for gold. The more colonies a country controlled also meant that the country could take one step closer to that goal of world domination, and it showcased the power that they had against the r est of the world. As a result, a “distribution of power” was beginning to change the way that Europe was structured. The world powers, such as Russia, France, and Britain, were beginning to rise above the other nations in Europe and the gap between powerful countries and weaker countries was beginning to significantly increase. The major European powers were beginning to display their own dominance and power in more intense ways as they exerted empirical control over territories in Africa, the Americas, Asia, and the Latin countries. This meant that some countries were becoming more much powerful than others, which posed a threat to those who had been slower to colonize other areas, or to those who had not had the power or military to conquer any lands at all. In addition, the United States had recently emerged as a new world power, one that would assist in this distribution of power from the late nineteenth century and early twentieth century. In fact, the United States would p rove to become more important as a world power than ever before, and its threat from the West meant that Europe was not the only major playing field anymore. As the scramble for colonies increased, so did tensions between the world powers. This is largely regarded as one of the main contributing factors to the war because it assisted in the instability and tension between countries and powers. Imperialism did not stop at conquering other territories. Additionally, various smaller territories were being taken during the wars leading up to 1914. For example, Italy had annexed territory in the Aegean area from Turkey after the destruction of the Ottoman Empire, and would not let it go. The Austrian Habsburg Empire had also gained some territories that had belonged to the Ottomans. In this sense, imperialism was also a factor in the war because the countries that declared war, and chose to go to war, did so because they either wanted to keep their current territory or acquire territory they had lost. For example, France had lost its territories Alsace and Lorraine to Germany in the Franco-Prussian war. Therefore, while this was not the only reason France joined World War I, it was a motivating factor against Germany. This is also an example of how other countries were feeling during post-imperialism because everyone wanted to protect the assets that they had. Imperialism and the scramble to conquer other colonies increased feelings of nationalism within Germany, as well as the other powers. Germany was beginning to feel threatened by the power of countries such as France and Britain, as these countries had been colonizing and conquering much longer than Germany had. As a result, Germany was somewhat behind on the global scale in the advancement of industrialization and technological development, leaving the country to feel threatened due to this lack of progress compared to other, powerful nations. At the same time, Pan-Slavism and Serbian nationalism were threatening Austria’s multicultural territory, and Pan-Germanism was inspiring a country of people who wanted Germany to be more powerful. Austria-Hungary’s imperial control was being disrupted by the rise of nationalism, and internal tensions mounted. Many of the states on Austria-Hungary’s southern border were especially concerning, as these states were experiencing “a new sel f-confidence” and internal violence was on the rise. Nationalist groups began to form, and these groups had aggressive ideas on how to preserve and protect identity. Ideals of nationalism arose within many of the countries that had previously been controlled by the Holy Roman Empire, as a new concept of independence was on the frontier. It became more important than ever for countries such as Germany to create a strength and unity internally, and for one united people to emerge. The belief was that nationalism would create a more powerful nation of people who would work hard to support independence and sovereignty. As nationalism rose, an arms race developed between the most powerful countries, as each built up their own armies to prepare for a large war and protect the independence they had. According to historian Charles Townshend, “the states who embarked on the road to war in 1914 wished to preserve what they had. This included not only their territorial integrity but their diplomatic alliances and their prestige.” It was believed by many nationalists that the more superior a nation was, the more likely it was that they would win a war. Further, many of these nationalists also believed that war would help to further those nationalist goals and make their country more powerful, as a way to boast their superiority by defeating the other nations. The more each country built up their own militaries and defenses, the more tensions rose between each other and the need for alliances began to emerge. Eventually, it was Pan-Slavism and Serbian nationalism that dealt the final blow in starting off World War I. Nationalism directly contributed to the assassination of Franz Ferdinand, as Ferdinand was the Archduke of Austria-Hungary, a country whose government was desperately trying to hold together the different nations and races under one empire. It was Serbian nationalists that murdered Ferdinand and his wife, as the Serbians wanted to create a Slavic kingdom that was free from the control of Austria-Hungary. Ultimately, these nationalists wanted to gain independence from Austria-Hungary and become a united nation based on Pan-Slavic ideals and unity, and since the Serbians were backed by Russia, the two sides of alliances went to war. Alliances were formed between many different countries in the years leading up to the First World War, and these alliances obligated the agreeing countries to go to war to aid one another if combat broke out. However, it was the alliance formation that brought on some of the tensions that eventually escalated the conflicts that caused the war. The first alliance was formed by the powers that would go on to become the Allied Forces, and who would eventually win the war. Britain, Russia, and France formed the Triple Entente in 1912, along with Serbia, who was tied to Russia. While many of these countries, and their controlled territories, were still tense with one another, they agreed that they needed to work together in order to protect their interests and fend off the threat from Austria-Hungary. Since many of the powers of Europe were forming the Triple Entente, these agreements were viewed as threats by Austria-Hungary and Germany. These powers questioned the need for an alliance b ecause they were beginning to believe that the Triple Entente powers were joining together against them, to take away their power and territories and to break down the empire that Austria-Hungary had retained from the days of the Holy Roman Empire. The stronger the alliances grew, the more Germany and Austria-Hungary began to become concerned about their own strength as a nation. In response, Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy formed the Triple Alliance. The Triple Entente powers were in communication with each other as they began to make military agreements and build up their armies, which concerned Germany and caused distrust. German officials began to grow concerned because they found evidence that there were communications, but these communications were denied and hidden, causing suspicion. As the tension continued to grow, the alliances began to prepare to answer the call to war. The beginning of World War I saw many different countries enter the war because they were obligate d to by the terms of these alliances, which would soon escalate the conflict to a worldwide setting. Since Britain was the most powerful country in the world, it also had the most allies, including strong countries such as France and Russia. In addition, Britain also had strong connections to the countries it had taken under colonial control, including South Africa, Canada, India, New Zealand, and Australia. Britain also had close allied ties with the United States. This was perceived as a threat and a source of concern for Germany, who was collecting as many of its own allies as it possibly could. Italy became a lost ally, as it remained neutral at the beginning of the war, yet soon switched to join the Allied powers. While the direct cause of World War I was the assassination of Franz Ferdinand, the three main causes that led up to this event were imperialism, nationalism, and alliance formation. Tensions had been rising around the world for the latter half of the nineteenth century and the beginning of the twentieth century. As some powers, such as Britain and the United States, began to establish themselves on the scale of world domination, other countries became threatened by this rising power. Paranoia ran high among many countries, especially Germany and Austria-Hungary, and everyone began to engage in an arms race to build up their armies under the looming threat of war. However, this arms race only made the situation worse, as it increased the tension between the various nations and inspired the final spark to the flame, the assassination of Ferdinand. Pan-Slavic nationalism and other nationalist ideals were direct contributors to the assassination, as it was a group of Serbian nationalist s who committed the fatal crime. Their goal was to break away from Austria-Hungary’s control and gain independence for a new, Slavic country, and they believed that this murder would further their goals of nationalist pride. Therefore, all of these factors came together to contribute to the singular event that would trigger one of the bloodiest, most fatal wars in the history of the modern world. Bibliography: Anievas, Alexander. “1914 in World Historical Perspective: The ‘Uneven’ and ‘Combined’ Origins of World War I.” European Journal of International Relations 19, no. 4 (2011): 721-746. Gellman, Peter. “The Elusive Explanation: Balance of Power ‘Theory’ and the Origins of World War I.” Review of International Studies 15, no. 2 (1989): 155-182. Townshend, Charles. The Oxford History of Modern War. New York: Oxford University Press, 2005. Williamson, Jr., Samuel R. “The Origins of World War I.” The Journal of Interdisciplinary History 18, no. 4 (1988): 795-818. The Real Causes of World War I What Really Caused World War I? What Really Caused World War I? Academic Discipline: History Course Name: War in the 21st Century Assignment Subject: The Real Causes of World War I Academic Level: Undergraduate Referencing Style: Chicago Word Count: 2,050 It is widely accepted that the ultimate cause of World War I was the assassination of Franz Ferdinand, Archduke of Austria-Hungary. However, this act was simply the final tipping point in a string of factors that contributed to the outbreak of The Great War. There was no singular event that sparked the conflict because it had, in fact, been mounting as early as the late nineteenth century as the European powers were building their own imperial empires and their wealth. While Ferdinand’s death is a singular event, it was not the only reason that countries around the world were preparing for war well before the events of the early twentieth century. Over the course of the war, at least 10 million soldiers on all sides were killed, and in the end Germany was found guilty for causing the war under the Treaty of Versailles. However, a closer analysis shows that the causes of the war were much more complicated, and that there was a buildup of events and factors that contributed to the ri sing tension within Europe, as well as around the world. Many countries had participated in the build up of militia, industrialization, and cultural superiority that led to a variety of issues in foreign relations. An age of paranoia had been ushered in at the dawn of the twentieth century, and many countries found themselves building up their militaries under the concern that war was going to break out. The rise of the military was the direct result of many of the indirect factors that contributed to the conflict, and was the inevitable trigger for the Serbian assassins to kill Ferdinand and his wife, Sophie. While a significant number of events happened before 1914, there were three main factors that contributed to World War I: imperialism, nationalism, and the formation of alliances between world powers. In the nineteenth century, a scramble for colonial power occurred in the form of imperialism. During the earlier centuries, European explorers had created the New World in the Americas, and now that the Americas were becoming their own nations, the quest for world domination turned to other ventures. Since the European nations had dominated in the New World and established colonies there, most of which would later form their own countries, these powers had their own notions of superiority and power, and they became hungry for more wealth. Many of Europe’s powers were racing to control territories around the world as they saw an opportunity to collect resources and wealth there, especially in Africa, where there were many unclaimed territories with uncollected resources and vast opportunities for gold. The more colonies a country controlled also meant that the country could take one step closer to that goal of world domination, and it showcased the power that they had against the r est of the world. As a result, a “distribution of power” was beginning to change the way that Europe was structured. The world powers, such as Russia, France, and Britain, were beginning to rise above the other nations in Europe and the gap between powerful countries and weaker countries was beginning to significantly increase. The major European powers were beginning to display their own dominance and power in more intense ways as they exerted empirical control over territories in Africa, the Americas, Asia, and the Latin countries. This meant that some countries were becoming more much powerful than others, which posed a threat to those who had been slower to colonize other areas, or to those who had not had the power or military to conquer any lands at all. In addition, the United States had recently emerged as a new world power, one that would assist in this distribution of power from the late nineteenth century and early twentieth century. In fact, the United States would p rove to become more important as a world power than ever before, and its threat from the West meant that Europe was not the only major playing field anymore. As the scramble for colonies increased, so did tensions between the world powers. This is largely regarded as one of the main contributing factors to the war because it assisted in the instability and tension between countries and powers. Imperialism did not stop at conquering other territories. Additionally, various smaller territories were being taken during the wars leading up to 1914. For example, Italy had annexed territory in the Aegean area from Turkey after the destruction of the Ottoman Empire, and would not let it go. The Austrian Habsburg Empire had also gained some territories that had belonged to the Ottomans. In this sense, imperialism was also a factor in the war because the countries that declared war, and chose to go to war, did so because they either wanted to keep their current territory or acquire territory they had lost. For example, France had lost its territories Alsace and Lorraine to Germany in the Franco-Prussian war. Therefore, while this was not the only reason France joined World War I, it was a motivating factor against Germany. This is also an example of how other countries were feeling during post-imperialism because everyone wanted to protect the assets that they had. Imperialism and the scramble to conquer other colonies increased feelings of nationalism within Germany, as well as the other powers. Germany was beginning to feel threatened by the power of countries such as France and Britain, as these countries had been colonizing and conquering much longer than Germany had. As a result, Germany was somewhat behind on the global scale in the advancement of industrialization and technological development, leaving the country to feel threatened due to this lack of progress compared to other, powerful nations. At the same time, Pan-Slavism and Serbian nationalism were threatening Austria’s multicultural territory, and Pan-Germanism was inspiring a country of people who wanted Germany to be more powerful. Austria-Hungary’s imperial control was being disrupted by the rise of nationalism, and internal tensions mounted. Many of the states on Austria-Hungary’s southern border were especially concerning, as these states were experiencing “a new sel f-confidence” and internal violence was on the rise. Nationalist groups began to form, and these groups had aggressive ideas on how to preserve and protect identity. Ideals of nationalism arose within many of the countries that had previously been controlled by the Holy Roman Empire, as a new concept of independence was on the frontier. It became more important than ever for countries such as Germany to create a strength and unity internally, and for one united people to emerge. The belief was that nationalism would create a more powerful nation of people who would work hard to support independence and sovereignty. As nationalism rose, an arms race developed between the most powerful countries, as each built up their own armies to prepare for a large war and protect the independence they had. According to historian Charles Townshend, “the states who embarked on the road to war in 1914 wished to preserve what they had. This included not only their territorial integrity but their diplomatic alliances and their prestige.” It was believed by many nationalists that the more superior a nation was, the more likely it was that they would win a war. Further, many of these nationalists also believed that war would help to further those nationalist goals and make their country more powerful, as a way to boast their superiority by defeating the other nations. The more each country built up their own militaries and defenses, the more tensions rose between each other and the need for alliances began to emerge. Eventually, it was Pan-Slavism and Serbian nationalism that dealt the final blow in starting off World War I. Nationalism directly contributed to the assassination of Franz Ferdinand, as Ferdinand was the Archduke of Austria-Hungary, a country whose government was desperately trying to hold together the different nations and races under one empire. It was Serbian nationalists that murdered Ferdinand and his wife, as the Serbians wanted to create a Slavic kingdom that was free from the control of Austria-Hungary. Ultimately, these nationalists wanted to gain independence from Austria-Hungary and become a united nation based on Pan-Slavic ideals and unity, and since the Serbians were backed by Russia, the two sides of alliances went to war. Alliances were formed between many different countries in the years leading up to the First World War, and these alliances obligated the agreeing countries to go to war to aid one another if combat broke out. However, it was the alliance formation that brought on some of the tensions that eventually escalated the conflicts that caused the war. The first alliance was formed by the powers that would go on to become the Allied Forces, and who would eventually win the war. Britain, Russia, and France formed the Triple Entente in 1912, along with Serbia, who was tied to Russia. While many of these countries, and their controlled territories, were still tense with one another, they agreed that they needed to work together in order to protect their interests and fend off the threat from Austria-Hungary. Since many of the powers of Europe were forming the Triple Entente, these agreements were viewed as threats by Austria-Hungary and Germany. These powers questioned the need for an alliance b ecause they were beginning to believe that the Triple Entente powers were joining together against them, to take away their power and territories and to break down the empire that Austria-Hungary had retained from the days of the Holy Roman Empire. The stronger the alliances grew, the more Germany and Austria-Hungary began to become concerned about their own strength as a nation. In response, Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy formed the Triple Alliance. The Triple Entente powers were in communication with each other as they began to make military agreements and build up their armies, which concerned Germany and caused distrust. German officials began to grow concerned because they found evidence that there were communications, but these communications were denied and hidden, causing suspicion. As the tension continued to grow, the alliances began to prepare to answer the call to war. The beginning of World War I saw many different countries enter the war because they were obligate d to by the terms of these alliances, which would soon escalate the conflict to a worldwide setting. Since Britain was the most powerful country in the world, it also had the most allies, including strong countries such as France and Russia. In addition, Britain also had strong connections to the countries it had taken under colonial control, including South Africa, Canada, India, New Zealand, and Australia. Britain also had close allied ties with the United States. This was perceived as a threat and a source of concern for Germany, who was collecting as many of its own allies as it possibly could. Italy became a lost ally, as it remained neutral at the beginning of the war, yet soon switched to join the Allied powers. While the direct cause of World War I was the assassination of Franz Ferdinand, the three main causes that led up to this event were imperialism, nationalism, and alliance formation. Tensions had been rising around the world for the latter half of the nineteenth century and the beginning of the twentieth century. As some powers, such as Britain and the United States, began to establish themselves on the scale of world domination, other countries became threatened by this rising power. Paranoia ran high among many countries, especially Germany and Austria-Hungary, and everyone began to engage in an arms race to build up their armies under the looming threat of war. However, this arms race only made the situation worse, as it increased the tension between the various nations and inspired the final spark to the flame, the assassination of Ferdinand. Pan-Slavic nationalism and other nationalist ideals were direct contributors to the assassination, as it was a group of Serbian nationalist s who committed the fatal crime. Their goal was to break away from Austria-Hungary’s control and gain independence for a new, Slavic country, and they believed that this murder would further their goals of nationalist pride. Therefore, all of these factors came together to contribute to the singular event that would trigger one of the bloodiest, most fatal wars in the history of the modern world. Bibliography: Anievas, Alexander. “1914 in World Historical Perspective: The ‘Uneven’ and ‘Combined’ Origins of World War I.” European Journal of International Relations 19, no. 4 (2011): 721-746. Gellman, Peter. “The Elusive Explanation: Balance of Power ‘Theory’ and the Origins of World War I.” Review of International Studies 15, no. 2 (1989): 155-182. Townshend, Charles. The Oxford History of Modern War. New York: Oxford University Press, 2005. Williamson, Jr., Samuel R. “The Origins of World War I.” The Journal of Interdisciplinary History 18, no. 4 (1988): 795-818.

What Are the Common Causes of Stress in College Students - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2107 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2019/08/16 Category Health Essay Level High school Tags: Stress Essay Did you like this example? The center of this research paper is the dependency of college students self-image on societys standards, thus leading them out of a healthy median regarding self-esteem, self-worth, self-image, and self-obsession. Most of the situations that every college student goes through, regardless of the sex, originates from the same source. To fully view the panorama, the factors to be taken in consideration are: generations, pop culture, psychology, media propaganda, and the potential damage. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "What Are the Common Causes of Stress in College Students?" essay for you Create order By gradually shifting into each one, they see a recurrent pattern that shares the same characteristics. As part of this specific group, it is more than necessary to achieve an answer to a common flaw found in any student body. Emotional Intelligence within college students The student body of a college ranges from early adolescence to late twenties (17-23), conglomerating different types of generations, which present various ideals, perceptions, self-esteem, and influences on external factors. If the following factors affect the emotional intelligence of most of the student body, the median for a healthy emotional intelligence may never reflect or enhance their self-concept. Generation To comprehend the diversity of college students, it is proper to divide them by generations since each possess particular qualities that are present in each individual, thus defining attitudes, ideals, perception, self-esteem, and political opinions. The categorizing of generation brings forth defaults or patterns of irregular behavior that reflect upon academic and emotional intelligence. From early adolescence to early twenties (1996 TBD), the Generation Z is formed. Mainly known as the selfie generation, this group is the demographic cohort that follow the Millennials, as Strauss and Howe (1991). The characteristics that the group shares is directly related to the advances in technology, interacting with the social platforms as a way of socialization. As Strauss and Howe suggest, this pattern of behavior is linked to the growing up through a Great Recession, giving a feeling of unsettlement and insecurity (1991). Other characteristics that define the generation z can be derived from the colloquial name used to refer to this particular group. Mainly known as the selfie generation, it is believed that they are self-centered, narcistic, and obsessive about their physical self-appearance. Many of the other characteristics known, mentioned by Stein Wellner, is that they are more likely to come from a more varied family background (2000). From the previous point, it is in ferred that they are far more empathic, altruistic, overly friendly (attributed to the multicultural family) and, mainly recognized as tech savvies. The other generation that constitutes the student body in the college campus is the Millennials (1977 1995). They are known by their lack of technological intelligence, and their ingenuity of believing anything the social media portray as a single truth. Howe and Strauss in Characteristics of the Millennial Generation (2003) present the following aspects: Special: always been treated as special and important. Every milestone was marked with celebration and praise. They carry a sense of entitlement about them, feeling as if they can solve world problems that previous generations have failed to solve. May claim privacy but crave attention. Sheltered: Highly protected as children, growing up in a time of increasing safety measures; rarely left unsupervised. Team Oriented: may sacrifice their own identity to be part of the team, preferring egalitarian leaderships, not hierarchies. While they are group-oriented within their own cohort, they may politely exclude other generations. They do not want to stand out of the group, just be seen as a equal. Achieving: focus on getting good grades, hard work, involvement in extracurricular activities is resulting higher achievement levels. Seeing college as a key to a high paying job and, ultimately, success. Their focus is more on the world of achievement rather than personal development. Pressured: this generation may have lost a sense of pure spontaneous play; they may struggle with handling free time and time management in general. They feel pressured to succeed; they feel pressured to succeed. Conventional: respectful to the point of not questioning authority; they are civic minded and believe that the government know whats best and will take care of them. They value their parents opinion very highly; supporting and believing in social rules, more in line with their parents values than most other generations have been. Pop Culture The term pop culture serves as an umbrella term, enlisting various fields where every aspect of any art is met. As for civilization, this term takes on an array of many genres including popular music, print, sports, entertainment, media propaganda, and television. From the newest generation (selfie) up to the millennials, society has inserted in each member an invisible mind, whose perception is what we, as a whole, consider it a standard. From the youngest to the oldest college student, the media regulates most of the things they find appealing. A basic example would be a favorite artist, singer or dancer, exhibiting certain behaviors, and extravagant (if so) lifestyles. As part of the Maslow Hierarchy of Needs demonstrates, we, as humans, have the necessity of belonging, and to do so, the emulation of such can lead to feel accepted. For men, whose age range considered is 17-23, pop culture could lead to ridiculousness regarding the demonstration of simple human emotions. A figure to be taken in consideration is Dan Bilzerian, a famous Instagram figure whose main page only demonstrates the lack of sentiments. For many of the boys and men that are now growing as part of this society, having a figure as such, that only promotes superficiality, can define who they will be and their relationship with any other human. In depth of what is being mentioned, this behavior can be recognized, or even assumed, as toxic masculinity, leaving no space for any trait that could be considered weak. For women, whose age range considered is 17-23, television and modeling industries can obliterate the self-esteem, leaving no space for a healthy emotional intelligence. Young girls trying to feel comfortable in their bodies, whilst going through a hormonal stage, look for role models to follow firing the mirror neurons, thus copying behavioral pattern (good or bad). Due to the societal objective perception of beauty, most women suffer psychological and health damages in the attempt to obtain the unattainable goal. In a college environment, having two sides whom are in midst of defining who they are, emotional intelligence peaks its lowest. The factor that sets it so is the external dependence of self-assurance. Most, women and men, do not believe in their capacities or beauties due to the constant necessity of reassurance, pushing them into possible sentimental relationships were co-dependence is highly likely. In the real world, emotions should be constantly checked and recognized. Having the ability to be fully aware of our surroundings, recognizing, understanding, and managing emotions could lead to a potential increment in emotional intelligence. Although, the view is centered on the heavy aspects that cause a catastrophic downfall of emotional intelligence, Salovely, 2013, stated that emotional intelligence correlates to some extent with test that measure verbal abilities, it overlaps only just a little with standard measures of personality such as openness to experience, conscientiousnes s, extroversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism. Psychology In midst of defining the collateral damage emotional intelligence suffers in college students too immersed in the pop culture, the concepts of self-worth, self-esteem, self-image, and self-obsession are brought forth. To have a clear idea of what self-worth is, defined by Abrascal, Brucato, Brucato Stephenson (2017), is the degree to which you feel worthwhile as a human being within the standards of the culture. For both sexes, a measure of much they value themselves and feel useful in the world. Self-image can represent how they may be viewing their bodies under todays circumstances. Lastly, self-obsession, a compulsive tendency to keep track of every little detail that the individual goes through. This obsessive-compulsive behavior can be justified by low levels of self-esteem. The resurgence of these issues presented a structural equation modeling reveling that individuals with low self-esteem, body-esteem, and emotional intelligence were more likely to report social anxiety (Abdollahi Abu, 2016). Having unstable and external factors where there is a vast and total dependency for the emotional intelligence, the individual may never reach the median. If the exterior factors are constantly changing, shifting the paradigm, asking for more irrational concepts of beauty; neither men or women could ever alleviate the constant petitions that last a brief moment in time. (Abdollahi Abu Talib, Mar. 2016) Media Propaganda The exposure to idealized media is a key factor to how men women of ages 17-23 view themselves, whether they are satisfied or dissatisfied with their physical appearance. With this generation, men women are subject to always wanting to look their best, even if their body ideals appear to be unrealistic; Social media (Facebook, Instagram, Twitter) exposes these young adults to believe that whomever has the nicest body face gains the most popularity, receives all the attention, is very pleased with themselves. The young adults are influenced by what they see they begin to believe that they have to look a certain way to be able to be accepted in society. However, not achieving the goals of having the thinnest waist, the muscular body, the well sculpted face, is detrimental to anyone who strongly believes that is the only way to be accepted. With thinness presented as the ideal body shape and a necessary prerequisite for health and happiness, anyone falling short of this ideal is v ulnerable to depression, poor self-esteem, and general body dissatisfaction (Romeo Vitelli, 2013; Psychology Today Media Spotlight). It is reported that Facebook content has made men woman of ages 16 to 40 more body conscious because they compare themselves to celebrities even their own friends; The comparisons put them in a state of sadness because the desire to look a certain way so that they can please those around them. Young people who have reported that they were overweight were more likely to also report having suicidal thoughts, ranging from ages 15-21, they were dissatisfied with their body image but as they got older, the importance of self-image lessened (Sharyn Alden, August 29, 2013, Journal of Adolescent Health). Women are more prone to feeling dissatisfaction with themselves than men because they have higher expectations, body wise. Television conveys they idea that woman should always be thin or have curves have the slimmest face whereas men just want to be musc ular. Unrealistic standards set by the media has taken a toll on much of the young adults in todays society; Although this belief of having to look a certain way to gain more of something will certainly be around for a long time, knowing how to rationalize it will help young adults focus on more realistic ideals for their image. Potential Damage As seen previously, the potential damage can go from emotional intelligence to total physical dissatisfaction. Emotional intelligence, defined by Abrascal, Brucato, Brucato Stephenson (2017), is the act of involving a cluster set of skills including: being perceptive about feelings and motivations of others, as well as yourself, being able to motivate yourself and persevere in the face of frustration; ability to delay gratification, control emotions and impulses empathizing with others. An age period in which both, men and women, undergo drastic changes in their life, such as the development of the ability regarding communication skills to social be accepted, fit in. As previously studied, emotional intelligence has various aspects that, failed to be met, can lead to disastrous results. Intrapersonal intelligence refers to that of complete understanding of your feelings; where, when and why your feelings are that way. Interpersonal intelligence is the opposite, its the comprehension, validation of other peoples feelings; understanding their situation and its circumstances. Both intelligences are required to properly function in society, and, most definitely, reach healthy levels of emotional intelligence. Due to the direct relationship every college student has with technology, the unhealthy cycle continues incessantly. As long as college students keep being utterly reliant on what the social media, pop culture, media propaganda has to say about each individual; the overall median would not reach a healthy point. The constant indirect judgment received by the likes of each social platform would be the ultimate dictator of what is acceptable, and what not. A definite solution would be to promote the self-acceptance, self-love, and even a possible separation or reduction of the time spent in each social media. The less time college students spend perusing at impossible models of lifestyle, the more time they can spend enjoying the simple details of life. A distance from all the technology might just re-establish interpersonal relationships in between students. Furthermore, the limitation of these spaces and the constant repetition of self love campaigns could raise college students emotional intelligence to a healthy median.

The Path For Underserved Students Transitioning From...

Introduction In 1947, The President’s Commission Report stated that higher education is to provide â€Å"Equal educational opportunities for all persons, to the maximum of their individual abilities and without regard to [socio]economic status, race, creed, color, sex, national origin or ancestry, [which] is [the] major goal of American democracy† (United States Zook, 1947, p. 3). Thus, the purpose of this essay is to analyze the path for underserved students transitioning from community college to a 4-year university, while reconceptualizing the American Dream. Through a critical race theoretical lends, this essay will outline the historical trend and statistical facts on student transfer rates from community college, emphasize the importance of creating a transfer receptive culture and incorporate the urgency to reevaluate the inequalities in equity for underserved students in higher education. The American Dream Since 1995, 82 percent of White first-time college students have enrolled at the 468 most selective colleges and universities, compared to only 13 percent of Latino students and 9 percent of African American students (Witham, Malcom-Piqueux, Dowd, Bensimon, 2015, p. 14). How can society promote the concept of the American Dream, when there are so many barriers in equity that hinder underserved students from matriculating through higher education? While the â€Å"American Dream† has been defined numerous times, one common definition is that of James Adams, whoShow MoreRelatedThe Painful Journey Of Depression Essay942 Words   |  4 Pagesknew what pain felt like, until I suffered from depression. The painful journey of climbing out of depression was one that ultimately made me a stronger person. After experiencing two years of academic success in college, I expected my junior year to be even better, but unfortunately life took a different turn. 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Triple Jump Phase Free Essays

Montrail Brooks Dr. Livingston AES 364 Muscular Analysis Introduction Block starts was create first created to help the grounds keeper take better care of the running surface with was made of clay or cinder. Starting blocks has came a long way from being a single holes dug in the ground to the high tech, lightweight, but yet expensive running aid their now. We will write a custom essay sample on Triple Jump Phase or any similar topic only for you Order Now To properly observe and describe the breakdown of the hop, skip, and jump phases, while determining the muscles that cause these movements. The triple jump, referred to as the hop, skip and jump, is a track and field event similar to the long jump. The only difference between the two is that the hop, skip, and jump involve a hop and a step, whereas the long jump involves just a jump. In the first phase of the triple jump, the competitor builds momentum by sprinting down the runway, planting their lead foot at the marked board, and â€Å"hops† into the air, cycling one leg around into phase two. After completing the cycle, the lead foot strikes the ground again initiating the â€Å"skip†, where the opposite leg is brought up and the body goes into the bounding position. Finally as the body is coming out of the bounding position, the opposite leg hits the ground in order to propel or â€Å"jump† the body forwards, aiming for distance rather than height, into the pit. [pic] The phases In the triple jump, there are three joints that aid in movement of the hip, the knee, and the ankle. Together the three joints allow optimum distance and proper stability for the jumper. The hip, which holds the femur and pelvis, allows the jumper to extend as his foot strikes the board. While keeping the knee in flexion, he pushes off into the cycling pattern. In the skip phase, the hip will remain in a flexed position as the trail leg goes into extension. When in the jump phase, the hip allows the leg to go from an extended position, to a partial flexed position. The knee, which hold the fibula, tibia, femur, and patella, just like the hip is a very important part of the triple jump process. In the initial â€Å"hop† phase, the knee extends, but quickly switches to flexion throughout the cycling pattern. During the â€Å"skip† phase the knee will remain in flexion, while extending the opposite leg. Following the second phase, the lead leg switches to the trail leg, which remains in flexion for the final â€Å"jump†. Finally, the ankle is made up of three separate joints: the talocrucal joint, inferior tibiofibular joint, and subtalar joint. These joints, just like in the kinetic chain, are where the power originates from. In the â€Å"hop† phase, the ankle of the lead leg will remain dorsi flexed, and the trail leg will be slightly plantar flexed, but will quickly draw up into the dorsiflexion. As the jumper enters into the â€Å"skip† phase the ankle will remain dorsiflex, while the trail leg switches to the front. This will allow the trail leg to go dorsiflex, and the lead leg to deliver a powerful push-off into plantarflexion. [pic] The muscles and their functions in the Hop, Skip, and Jump phase. The muscles involved in the triple jump are the quads: rectus fermoris (allow hip concentric flexion and knee eccentric extension), vastus lateralis, medialis, and intermedius (helps the knee eccentric extend); the hamstring muscles: semimembranosus, semitendious, and biceps femoris (allows the jumper to extend the hip and normally pair with the help of the eccentric gluteus maximus); and finally, the lower leg muscles: concentric tibialis anterior, the concentric extensor digitorum longus (which provide the ankle with the ability to perform dorsiflexion), the peroneus longus, soleus, and gastrocnemius (which allow eccentric planterflexion for that last jump push-off). The main stabilizer, the gluteus medius, acts as a front plane stabilizer and restricts the leg from turning in vargus or valgum, allowing the leg to plant. Conclusion An important factor in determining the power and momentum developed in the sprint start is the angle of the front leg in the set position. Most literature accepts that an angle close to 90 degrees is the ideal angle in this position. It allows the knee extensors to work best at the correct time for maximum power and momentum to be developed. An angle in excess of 90 degrees may allow a faster leg speed out of the blocks but will not develop the same power and momentum. Borzov (1980) in his investigations into an optimal starting position varies a little, with a suggested ideal front leg angle of 100 degrees. Opinions on rear leg angle vary between 110 degrees and 135 degrees. Tellez Doolittle (1984) suggest an optimal angle of about 135 degrees for the rear leg because it allows the lever to move more quickly and allows greater impulse from a static position. They also suggest that an early body velocity provided by the rear leg drive past the front leg is a better mechanical position to accelerate through a more prolonged application of force. Conclusion An important factor in determining the power and momentum developed in the sprint start is the angle of the front leg in the set position. Most literature accepts that an angle close to 90 degrees is the ideal angle in this position. It allows the knee extensors to work best at the correct time for maximum power and momentum to be developed. An angle in excess of 90 degrees may allow a faster leg speed out of the blocks but will not develop the same power and momentum. Borzov (1980) in his investigations into an optimal starting position varies a little, with a suggested ideal front leg angle of 100 degrees. Opinions on rear leg angle vary between 110 degrees and 135 degrees. Tellez Doolittle (1984) suggest an optimal angle of about 135 degrees for the rear leg because it allows the lever to move more quickly and allows greater impulse from a static position. They also suggest that an early body velocity provided by the rear leg drive past the front leg is a better mechanical position to accelerate through a more prolonged application of Reference: Track and Field News Presents: Technique and Drills for the Long Jump and Triple Jump. Gary Derks. Fundamental Aspect of the Triple Jump for Dummies By: Fritz Spence and Gerald Masterson, PH. D. How to cite Triple Jump Phase, Essay examples

Triple Jump Phase Free Essays

Montrail Brooks Dr. Livingston AES 364 Muscular Analysis Introduction Block starts was create first created to help the grounds keeper take better care of the running surface with was made of clay or cinder. Starting blocks has came a long way from being a single holes dug in the ground to the high tech, lightweight, but yet expensive running aid their now. We will write a custom essay sample on Triple Jump Phase or any similar topic only for you Order Now To properly observe and describe the breakdown of the hop, skip, and jump phases, while determining the muscles that cause these movements. The triple jump, referred to as the hop, skip and jump, is a track and field event similar to the long jump. The only difference between the two is that the hop, skip, and jump involve a hop and a step, whereas the long jump involves just a jump. In the first phase of the triple jump, the competitor builds momentum by sprinting down the runway, planting their lead foot at the marked board, and â€Å"hops† into the air, cycling one leg around into phase two. After completing the cycle, the lead foot strikes the ground again initiating the â€Å"skip†, where the opposite leg is brought up and the body goes into the bounding position. Finally as the body is coming out of the bounding position, the opposite leg hits the ground in order to propel or â€Å"jump† the body forwards, aiming for distance rather than height, into the pit. [pic] The phases In the triple jump, there are three joints that aid in movement of the hip, the knee, and the ankle. Together the three joints allow optimum distance and proper stability for the jumper. The hip, which holds the femur and pelvis, allows the jumper to extend as his foot strikes the board. While keeping the knee in flexion, he pushes off into the cycling pattern. In the skip phase, the hip will remain in a flexed position as the trail leg goes into extension. When in the jump phase, the hip allows the leg to go from an extended position, to a partial flexed position. The knee, which hold the fibula, tibia, femur, and patella, just like the hip is a very important part of the triple jump process. In the initial â€Å"hop† phase, the knee extends, but quickly switches to flexion throughout the cycling pattern. During the â€Å"skip† phase the knee will remain in flexion, while extending the opposite leg. Following the second phase, the lead leg switches to the trail leg, which remains in flexion for the final â€Å"jump†. Finally, the ankle is made up of three separate joints: the talocrucal joint, inferior tibiofibular joint, and subtalar joint. These joints, just like in the kinetic chain, are where the power originates from. In the â€Å"hop† phase, the ankle of the lead leg will remain dorsi flexed, and the trail leg will be slightly plantar flexed, but will quickly draw up into the dorsiflexion. As the jumper enters into the â€Å"skip† phase the ankle will remain dorsiflex, while the trail leg switches to the front. This will allow the trail leg to go dorsiflex, and the lead leg to deliver a powerful push-off into plantarflexion. [pic] The muscles and their functions in the Hop, Skip, and Jump phase. The muscles involved in the triple jump are the quads: rectus fermoris (allow hip concentric flexion and knee eccentric extension), vastus lateralis, medialis, and intermedius (helps the knee eccentric extend); the hamstring muscles: semimembranosus, semitendious, and biceps femoris (allows the jumper to extend the hip and normally pair with the help of the eccentric gluteus maximus); and finally, the lower leg muscles: concentric tibialis anterior, the concentric extensor digitorum longus (which provide the ankle with the ability to perform dorsiflexion), the peroneus longus, soleus, and gastrocnemius (which allow eccentric planterflexion for that last jump push-off). The main stabilizer, the gluteus medius, acts as a front plane stabilizer and restricts the leg from turning in vargus or valgum, allowing the leg to plant. Conclusion An important factor in determining the power and momentum developed in the sprint start is the angle of the front leg in the set position. Most literature accepts that an angle close to 90 degrees is the ideal angle in this position. It allows the knee extensors to work best at the correct time for maximum power and momentum to be developed. An angle in excess of 90 degrees may allow a faster leg speed out of the blocks but will not develop the same power and momentum. Borzov (1980) in his investigations into an optimal starting position varies a little, with a suggested ideal front leg angle of 100 degrees. Opinions on rear leg angle vary between 110 degrees and 135 degrees. Tellez Doolittle (1984) suggest an optimal angle of about 135 degrees for the rear leg because it allows the lever to move more quickly and allows greater impulse from a static position. They also suggest that an early body velocity provided by the rear leg drive past the front leg is a better mechanical position to accelerate through a more prolonged application of force. Conclusion An important factor in determining the power and momentum developed in the sprint start is the angle of the front leg in the set position. Most literature accepts that an angle close to 90 degrees is the ideal angle in this position. It allows the knee extensors to work best at the correct time for maximum power and momentum to be developed. An angle in excess of 90 degrees may allow a faster leg speed out of the blocks but will not develop the same power and momentum. Borzov (1980) in his investigations into an optimal starting position varies a little, with a suggested ideal front leg angle of 100 degrees. Opinions on rear leg angle vary between 110 degrees and 135 degrees. Tellez Doolittle (1984) suggest an optimal angle of about 135 degrees for the rear leg because it allows the lever to move more quickly and allows greater impulse from a static position. They also suggest that an early body velocity provided by the rear leg drive past the front leg is a better mechanical position to accelerate through a more prolonged application of Reference: Track and Field News Presents: Technique and Drills for the Long Jump and Triple Jump. Gary Derks. Fundamental Aspect of the Triple Jump for Dummies By: Fritz Spence and Gerald Masterson, PH. D. How to cite Triple Jump Phase, Essay examples

Influence of Globalization in TQM

Question: Discuss about the Influence of Globalization in TQM. Answer: Introduction Obeidat, B.Y., Hashem, L., Alansari, I., Tarhini, A. and Al-Salti, Z., 2016. The effect of knowledge management uses on total quality management practices: A theoretical perspective. Journal of Management and strategy, 7(4), p.18.Globalization has lead to many changes in the business environment of almost all industries. Through globalization the market has become worldwide which made it very vast and diverse. Through this the organizations started growing internationally which enabled it to get customers, markets, workforce, and suppliers etc which are diverse. Before globalization the management has adopted the total quality management approach in order to enhance the quality of the product and service they provide. But while considering the globalized market this approach of TQM wont be applicable and the management needs to make some strategic changes so that a quality management is established in order to be competitive and also to be productive(Dhaafri and Swidi, 2016). This re port speaks about the impact that the globalization made on the TQM in organizations and the roles played by the stakeholders of the organization to maintain a quality management. Total Quality management The Total Quality management can be considered as a strategic approach adopted by the management of the organization in coordination with the employees so that a quality product and services can be delivered to the customers in order to achieve the customer loyalty and satisfaction. Quality of the product and services can be measured in terms of its durability, reliability etc. TQM enables the management to achieve this quality through continuous improvement and implementation of changes through proper feedback. Even though the TQM approach is structured by the senior management of the organization, it can be successfully implemented only through the joint effort of the employees, managers, staff members, customers, suppliers etc of the organization (Bayraktar and Ndubisi, 2014). The globalization of the business environment has enhanced the relevance of the TQM and its implementation in the work place. Traditionally the TQM is intended to meet the market standards of the industry and now TQM is intended to meet the international standards of quality in order to achieve the competitiveness and market place in the world market. The TQM approach is implemented primarily following four major steps Plan: During this phase the actual problems associated with quality performance or service are analyzed. The root cause of the existing problem is identified and the employees themselves engage in identifying the data which are relevant for solving the problem. Do: During this phase the solution which is relevant for solving the problem is identified. The efficiency of the solution and the strategies planned for problem solving is analyzed here. Check: A comparison analysis is performed for the efficiency of the strategies for achieving quality. Act: During this stage the strategies are implemented and the results are documented by the employees. Quality management Due to the emergence of globalization the number of competitors in an industry has become numerous. For example consider the mobile and telecom industry; there are many competitors in this industry like HTC, Samsung, and Apple etc. These all organizations are based on different markets but are the competitors in the global market. This high degree of competition resulted in considering the quality as the competitive factors. This critical situation formulated by the globalization has refined the standards of the Quality management so that it could meet the quality expectations of the vast target customers worldwide (Dunning, 2014). Some of the changes which the globalizations have introduced in the Quality management are mentioned below. Identification of the changes in the demands occurring in the global market so that the management can focus on continuous quality maintenance as per the expectations of the customers and changes happening (Stark, 2015). Ensuring superior quality in the products and services delivered by the organization so as to be competitive in the global market and meeting the global quality standards. The quality ensured, the product and service designed and developed should be as per the need and expectation of the each target market in the world. Then only TQM can be effectively implemented. Considering the demands of the different target markets and formulating TQM strategies. The need of attaining customer satisfaction and loyalty has been enhanced critically in order to achieve competitive advantage. The quality management tools like the TQM and six-sigma has the common goal to achieve maximum quality in the product or service they deliver. The competitive situation and the vast market generated by the globalization have contributed to the development of some quality management tools (Ekiz, Ozgurer and Sian, 2016). These tools enable the management and the employees to identify the quality issues and improve their performance to meet the global quality standards (Oakland, 2014). Some of those TQM tools or approaches are mentioned below. Check list Pareto chart The cause and effect diagram Histogram Scatter diagram Graph These tools enable the employees to identify the root cause of the problem and to generate strategy through which TQM can be achieved. Six Sigma and the TQM are the two main quality management approach adopted by the organizations so as to cope with the changes which has been introduced by the globalization. Even though these two tools are the effective quality management tools and are similar in their methodologies and procedures there are some slight difference between these two which has been highlighted here. The concept of six sigma is latest than the TQM and hence accepted by almost all organizations (Goetsch and Davis, 2014). Six-sigma focuses on making necessary changes or ensuring high quality but TQM focuses on meeting the existing quality standards. Six-sigma is a bit complicated than TQM. Six-sigma delivers a better and effective results than TQM The Role of Customers, managers, Employees, Organizational Culture, Business Partners and etc. on Coping with it. The customers play a vital role in the cusses and failure of the business. Hence it is necessary to identify and determine the needs and preferences of the customers so as to implement quality management effectively. Through getting feedbacks and responses from the customers, necessary changes which should be adopted can be identified. The managers are the decision makers and the responsible person for formulating QM strategies. They play an important role in coordinating the team members, providing necessary resources etc so that quality output can be achieved (Kurt and Zehir, 2016) The employees are the back bone of the organization. If each individual focus on identifying their own requirement to meet quality and take appropriate strategies then changes can be implemented effectively to achieve global quality standards. An organizational culture which provides the employees and the management to develop themselves, being proactive, respected, self responsible etc only can contribute to the achievement of quality management. An organizational culture with well defined code of conduct, organizational structure, effective communication etc can contribute to the employee development, employee motivation etc which adds value to the quality management and coping with the changes (Kern, 2014). The business partners also play a vital role in maintaining the quality management as per the global standards. Only if the business partners are ethically bound to the quality standards the global quality can be achieved. The knowledge, skills and abilities of the business partners will be shared to the organization to achieve the global quality. Conclusion Globalization has impacted the quality management in such a manner that the management had to make many strategic changes in the QM tools so that high degree of quality can be achieved. Through globalization quality is considered as the main factor for achieving competitiveness. This report speaks about the changes which the globalization has contributed to the quality management and its approaches (Obeidat, et al, 2016). It also speaks about the role played by the customers, managers, employees, organizational culture etc in order to maintain quality management. Reference Al-Dhaafri, H.S. and Al-Swidi, A., 2016. The impact of total quality management and entrepreneurial orientation on organizational performance, International Journal of Quality Reliability Management, 33(5), pp.597-614 Bayraktar, A. and Oly Ndubisi, N., 2014. The role of organizational mindfulness in firms globalization and global market performance, Journal of Research in Marketing and Entrepreneurship, 16(1), pp.26-46 Dunning, J.H., 2014. The Globalization of Business (Routledge Revivals): The Challenge of the 1990s. Routledge Ekiz, E.H., Ozgurer, G. and Sian, L.S., 2016. Investigating Total Quality Management: The Case of Small and Medium Size Enterprises in Northern Cyprus. Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review, 2016 Goetsch, D.L. and Davis, S.B., 2014. Quality management for organizational excellence, pearson. Kurt, A. and Zehir, C., 2016. The relationship between cost leadership strategy, total quality management applications and financial performance Kern, R., 2014. Introduction. In Dynamic Quality Management for Cloud Labor Services (pp. 3-7). Springer International Publishing. Oakland, J.S., 2014. Total quality management and operational excellence: text with cases. Routledge Stark, J., 2015. Product lifecycle management. In Product Lifecycle Management (pp. 1-29). Springer International Publishing.

Culture Change LEI

Introduction The case study analysis focuses on culture change issues associated with the Laser Electric Inc Company. Laser Electric Inc (LEI) Company is an upcoming yet very competitive company that specializes in construction activities in the electricity industry and also offers energy solutions. Corporate or company culture has a lot of impact on the performance of a business organization.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Culture Change: LEI – A Denver Company specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The bottom line of the corporate culture is evidenced in the overall outlook of business processes. Company culture forms the core of a business process. Corporate culture highly determines the quality and cost effectiveness of a business enterprise. With reference to the agricultural sector, the planting process can serve to explain the manner in which corporate culture promotes the success of a business organization (Schmidt Jackson, 2010). Corporate culture Brandon Berumen and Lenee Koch, the founders of LEI Company which is an electrical construction company in the city of Denver outline the significance of corporate culture. The authors of the case, having grown up from a low income background, managed to develop their family business from a small scale organization to an internally recognized and respected business organization. Besides employing forty- six people, LEI Company has won many business awards. It is also among the top ten fast growing business organizations in Denver with a very promising future. Hiring of very competitive personnel is one of the many strategic business practices employed by LEI Company in Denver. During the global economic recession in which many of its competitors were shutting down, LEI Company managed to reinforce its operations by creating more employment opportunities than any other electrical company operating at its level at the time. Deli very beyond competitors’ expectations is the greatest aspect of business management. Evidently, the LEI Company focuses more on delivering more than what the competitors or contractors in the industry would expect thus giving it an even more serious and unmatched competitive advantage.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Shared leadership is another core aspect of corporate culture that pertains to the operations of LEI Company. Team work and consultative leadership at LEI electric company aim at streamlining business processes and focusing on the achievement of the set goals and not necessarily the top level managers achieving self centered glory and honor for the success of the organization. Evidence from the case which is also in line with the core project management principles shows that shared leadership is a sure means of encouraging accountability, proper focus on the set goals and constant evaluation of the business process. The process helps in reducing or totally minimizing the risk levels. Leadership that is fully vested in a single business unit or a limited number of leaders derails development of other leaders. Bad leadership does not encourage creativity and innovativeness since most members of the organization would feel discriminated against if this form of leadership is not implemented. Existence of teamwork and high level of performance strengthen personnel bonds as well as ensuring that such values permeate other clients. A good leadership mechanism from a project management perspective not only helps in setting realistic and attainable goals but also offers a means of measuring the outcomes of all major business processeses (Kotter Heskett, 1992). There is a clear understanding across all levels of the company that for the organization to maintain competitive advantage, all stakeholders of the organization should take responsibility and ownership of all business processes. The success of the company as is evident in LEI Company’s corporate culture is wholly dependent on the ability and willingness of every individual to enhance a team spirit. Workers should not leave the business owner to undertake all major business processes. Project management encourages people to be responsible enough and work towards achieving predefined goals. LEI Company’s founders have a high sense of responsibility due to the organizational structures and the continuous definition of business risks. In the analysis of LEI Company which is a Denver company, issues such as ineffective planning, poor cost control mechanisms, futile business process scheduling, unrealistic time and resource utilization, estimation and the use of project goals as moving targets are some of the challenges that are evidently faced in the LEI Company’s corporate culture case study.Advertising We will write a custom rese arch paper sample on Culture Change: LEI – A Denver Company specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More From the project management perspective, the need to keenly articulate specific business objectives in relation to the set goals, time factor, and the practicability of enhancing efficiency at LEI Company is vividly paramount. It therefore emerges that constant research, update of people’s social and productive measurement skills and consultation of business operations are fundamental aspects of business management. Corporate culture at LEI is based on fully integrating business processes and building the wellbeing and wellness of all stakeholders. Moral values play a crucial role in determining the direction and development strategies of an organization. Withholding of bad news, deceiving clients in order for one’s bidding process to be successful, withholding bad news from the clients, unethically maintaining production quotas, violation of standards and accounting concepts, unethical embezzlement of various charge numbers and violation of private or organizational decisions by the members of the organization all count as major challenges to the operations of a business enterprise. Time management and cost control are some of the fundamental aspects of corporate culture that emerges from LEI’s case study. Such issues, as evidenced in the case outline are critical to the success of a business organization. Though assumed to be issues that affect all types of business enterprises, some of the issues that are often of great concern to the organization tend to be ignored. In most of the instances, the LEI case reveals that failure to constantly monitor and evaluate the operations of the corporate could lead to the occurrence of very disastrous outcomes. Consequently, a business organization could end up suffering a lot of financial, social, political and technological losses. Proper planning an d streamlined allocation of resources remain to be vital aspects of business management that are also closely related to the overall outcome of the business decisions made by the top level management.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Change management is a very complicated business process that demands proper planning and cost effective allocation of resources. Though not easy, corporate culture demands a paradigm shift in people’s attitudes, behavioral patterns, ways of life, and networks. As an electrical installations company, change management is done by evaluating various construction techniques that could still be relevant in the industry. The evaluation and implementation of various risk management strategies needed to streamline business performance help in ensuring that electrical and energy solution provision related challenges are identified and addressed in a timely, efficient, cost effective and transparemt manner. The vision of a company also ensures that the company’s daily practices are fully aligned to the existing standards, contract operational mechanims and operational requirements. Reasons for change and identification of the basis of implementing the desired or demanded change s are other critical issues that affect the corporate culture of people of a given business enterprise. Both personal and professional resistance to change should be accorded due consideration. Addressing people’s needs in the implementation and definition of project goals and processes is fundamental to the attainment of consumer needs. In the energy sector that is depicted in the LEI Company case, provision of energy to clients is arguably an approach geared towards reinforcing the need for a high sense of accountability and responsive application of new modes of operation. When dealing with corporate culture from a project management perspective, issues that involve assessment of technical risks, conceptualization of project objectives, project execution, technical risk assessment and scheduling of the risk assessment process should be undertaken in a professional and proactive manner. Organizational culture highly influences the organization’s corporate culture. Th e LEI Company operates in a visible cultural market that demands constant evaluation and monitoring of all business processes. As a result, top level managers engage in regular research, consultative meetings, brainstorming and evaluation of critical business processes necessary for improvement of the level of growth and development. Potential changes in an organization have an influence on organizational performance. Luckily for LEI, the company started when its founders were already a united family and possessed wide experience in entrepreneurship and a common vision for success. Its corporate culture was already in existence. LEI Company’s founders can no longer have a strong personal relationship with every employee. This has provoked the founders to establish strong vision, mission and fundamental business principles. Core value definition is therefore a sure means of establishing trust and focus among employees. As evidenced in the corporate culture of the case study or ganization, LEI Company believes in rewarding people, equipping them with relevant skills, addressing personnel welfare concerns, rectifying people’s mistakes and performance and objectively resolving conflicts. By focusing on â€Å"elevating what is expected,† the company enforces top-notch customer service, acquisition of the best technical and technological skills and good team leadership skills, LEI Company’s top level managers ensure that there is a common ground from which every individual operates. Inhibited fears and uncertainties underlie some of the major challenges that face business organizations in the contemporary society. Daniel, Haaland, and Goelzer (2004) explain the unending need for a shift in people’s behavioral patterns. It is vital aspect of business management and streamlining of organizational strategies. Realistically, risk management is a very sensitive issue in the competitive management of risk levels. Customization of some of the key business concepts has emerged as the best way of aligning given business demands to core objectives of the company. Proper planning and management of risk strategies are evidently practices that have been perfected by LEI Company’s top level managers. Through constant communication, personnel and customer interactions, LEI Company has managed to improve its operational standards and also endear itself to the clients and other stakeholders. Development of unique and streamlined rules and procedures, planning processes, direct contact, and business organization’s hierarchical referrals are all vital aspects of business management. Creation of organizational corporate culture helps to creative a more informed business environment. The organizational culture enables the organization to better address its challenges and seize any emerging opportunities. The organizational culture also ensures that staff members are supportive of one another and that more proactive b usiness strategies are employed. Like other issues and processes involved in the management of business risks and enhancement of operational efficiency, the case of LEI Company in Denver is a perfect example of the success of corporate culture. Corporate culture should effectively outline the manner in which both common and uncommon business risks should be handled. This should be done in an effective manner by ensuring that all possible risk loopholes are properly identified and risk concerns are addressed in a timely and cost effective manner. At LEI Company, corporate culture is evidenced in the hiring, promotion, development of personnel, streamlining of the decision making process, and fostering a consistent and rich customer experience. Conclusion Corporate culture and other project management issues are critical issues of concern in any business organization. As for the case study, the project mainly deals with the provision of electrical and energy solutions which are concer ns that enhance timely response and effective completion of projects. Additionally, time cycle reduction and time compression are crucial aspects of corporate culture. Formation of business organizations and impact of various special interest groups underlie the extent to which business processes and strategies should be managed and the effectiveness with which some critical business processes ought to be undertaken. This positive attribute of business management is enhanced by the fact that LEI Company’s organisational structure has a lean leadership and decision making framework that minimises bureaucracy while improving efficiency. Though no stringent qualitative risk management techniques are employed, it is evident that the lean leadership structure plays a critical role in ensuring that a collaborative decision making process is constantly employed. This argument is in line with the popular corporate culture belief that in any business setup, corporate culture can neith er be formed nor changed overnight (Ravasi Schultz, 2006). References Daniel, D., Haaland, S., Goelzer, P. (2004). Corporate culture and organizational effectiveness: Is Asia different from the rest of the world? Organizational Dynamics, 23(4), 13-74. Kotter, J., Heskett, J. (1992). Corporate culture and performance. New York, State of New York, USA: Kotter Associates Inc. Ravasi, D., Schultz, M. (2006). Responding to organizational identity threats: exploring the role of organizational culture. Academy of Management Journal, 49 (3), 397-443. Schmidt, G., Jackson, L. (2010). Culture change case study: How a Denver company uses culture to drive productivity. Web. This research paper on Culture Change: LEI – A Denver Company was written and submitted by user America E. to help you with your own studies. 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